Summary.

The complex mechanism of the sex hormone action is a question of present interest and it is an object of a discussion in a case of an appropriate hormonal therapy. To minimize the risks of this therapy, it is important to know the molecular-cellular mechanism of the hormone action. The hormonal therapy should be implemented by experienced specialists in the particular area. The role of the sex hormones both, female and male in the physiological processes of the human body is prerequisite for their application in the different pathological conditions. The specific mechanism of the action of the sex hormones and their role in the pathogenesis in some diseases, and the possible therapeutic approach in the contemporary treatment are described in detail in this article.