Abstract. Aminophosphonates, bis-aminophosphonates and poly(aminophosphonate)s in relation to their in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo anti-proliferative activity and genotoxicity were evaluated in order to establish their value as potential drug candidates. The structure-activity relationship analysis showed that the anthracen-based aminophosphonates demonstrate high cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines. Compounds APhA-t and APhA-f can be successful oral drugs according the rule of Lipinski.  Bis-aminophosphonates tested exerted lower cytotoxicity towards human tumor cell lines than the aminophosphonates. The investigated polymeric aminophosphonates do not have significant cytotoxic activity. The obtained biological data give reason to optimize the structure of aminophosphonates for more effective drug design at the lowest screening level in relation to their molecular structure.